What Is JROTC?
The U.S. Army’s Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps (JROTC), is one of the most important character development and citizenship programs available for youth around the globe. The 1916 National Defense Act established JROTC programs in public and private high schools. The 1964 expansion of the program to all military service units saw it become active duty and shared support by the schools and services. Title 10 United States Code Section 2031 mandates that each military service have a JROTC program. This program is meant to “instill in United States secondary school institutions the values of citizenship and service to the United States and personal responsibility, as well as a sense of accomplishment.” JROTC’s mission “To Motivate Young People To Be Better Citizens” is the guidepost for the program’s success.
The U.S. Army JROTC program is currently in operation in over 1,700 high schools, military facilities, and correctional centres across the United States and abroad. About 40% of JROTC programs take place in inner-city schools. This serves a student population that is 50% minority. As JROTC students (Cadets), progress through the program they have opportunities to lead other Cadets. Female Cadets are a major component of JROTC’s leadership and citizenship program. The 40% female Cadet population is made up of female Cadets. Nearly 4,000 retired instructors from active duty, reserve service, and National Guard Army service lead the JROTC faculty. The National Defense Authorization Act 2007 allows instructors to mentor and teach approximately 314,000 JROTC Cadets each year.
Quality Indicators | What is JROTC?
CATEGORY | SCHOOL | JROTC |
Attendance | ~87.5% | ~91.3% |
Graduation | ~50% | ~66% |
Indiscipline | ~2.6% | ~<1% |
Drop Out | ~<1% | ~<1% |
GPA | ~2.23 | ~2.50 |
The College Options Foundation, an independent organization of JROTC can assist Cadets in finding colleges that offer credits to complete JROTC. The College Options Foundation can help Cadets find colleges that offer college scholarships. This is not JROTC. For more information, visit www.collegeoptionsfoundation.net or https://www.goarmy.com/careers-and-jobs/find-your-path/army-officers/rotc.html.
JROTC may be the most impactful and successful youth-oriented program in American history. We identified five Quality Indicators that educators use to assess the program’s effectiveness in high school. These five Quality Indicators include attendance, graduation, indiscipline and drop-out rates, as well as GPA. JROTC’s averages in each category are higher than those of schools.
JROTC isn’t just for students interested in joining the military.
- JROTC students make up less than 5% of all those who ever join a branch.
- We will help students who want to serve in the military.
- JROTC students are also supported by instructors to reach their post-secondary goals, including college scholarships, college enrollments and A+ benefits.
- Our primary goal is to develop citizenship and leadership skills, focusing on the Essential Learning Skills (Soft Skills), that are essential for today’s competitive workforce.
JROTC is a Leadership and Development Program.
The U.S. Army Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps is a character development program that focuses on military themes. It helps high school students to develop their leadership, character, citizenship, and community service skills.
These outcomes are achieved by the JROTC program using a 21st century, technology-driven, student-centered curriculum. The curriculum includes education in:
- Citizenship
- Leadership
- Social and Communication Skills
- Geography
- Civics
- Well-being and physical fitness
The JROTC program’s outcomes are:
- As you help others succeed in a global and diverse workforce, act with integrity and personal responsibility
- Engage in civic and social issues in the community, government, society
- Graduates are prepared to excel in career paths and post-secondary options
- Positive social, emotional and physical health are possible through positive decisions
- Admire the military and other service organisations’ role
What are the advantages of JROTC
JROTC is different from your average class. Students work in a group that encourages teamwork and collaboration. As a cadet, you can
- Different levels of leadership are possible
- Learn communication, decision-making, and time management skills
- Make life-long memories and friendships
- You can participate in many extra-curricular and co-curricular activities offered by Nixa JROTCThese opportunities and experiences provide cadets the essential life skills that are required to compete in today’s 21st century workforce.
Academic Credit
- Year 1: 1/2 credit for Physical Education and 1/2 credit for Practical Art
- Year 2: 1/2 credit for Physical Education and 1/2 credit for Practical Art
- Year 3: 1/2 credit elective
- Year 4: 1/2 credit elective
- Summer Camp: 1/2 credit elective
Curriculum:
Performance-based, learner-centered education that promotes core skills development
- A capacity to learn lifelong
- Communication
- Responsibility for actions and decisions
- good citizenship
- Respectful treatment of others
- Critical thinking techniques
Awards and Promotions
- Awards are based on academic achievement, participation, and leadership development within the JROTC program.
- Promotions Based on Cadets with demonstrated leadership potential, they will be considered to one of the many staff positions within the Cadet Chain of Command.
The core values of JROTC programs for high school junior reserve officer training corps are leadership, character, and community service. These values are the core of the JROTC Cadet Creed, which emphasizes the importance of working to improve the cadet’s school, family and country.
Experts agree that the goal of JROTC programs is to promote good citizenship.
Retired Navy Capt. James Boyer says that students feel a sense “of home”, a greater sense “of family and unity.” James Boyer is a senior naval science officer who was recently retired as a Navy JROTC instructor at Spring High School. He says that students learn citizenship by being responsible every day.
The branches of the JROTC program are composed of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marines and Coast Guard. Congressional Research Service report shows that 552,990 students participated in 3,432 units in the U.S. Department of Defense schools abroad in fiscal year 2020.
Before enrolling in any program, parents and students should be aware of these aspects.
JROTC Cadets are not subject to military obligation
JROTC is an optional program that students can take after they graduate high school. It does not require them to be military-ready.
Retired Maj. Trina Tilque, an Army JROTC instructor at Statesville high school in North Carolina, stated that “that is not the purpose of JROTC at any; the mission is prepare children to be better citizens.”
The Air Force JROTC website explains that the program is controlled by the military, and participants may be able to increase their rank after enlistment.
According to Col. Steve M. Smith (director of U.S. Army JROTC), only 20% of JROTC participants end up joining the military. He adds that JROTC stresses “health, physical education and ethics (and) financial accountability.”
Smith says that JROTC instructors are retired military personnel who have been through extensive background checks. They also receive classroom management training. JROTC instructors work full-time at schools, but the military contributes to the costs to pay for program leadership.
Students are required to dress in a uniform similar to that worn by military personnel in their branches.
Boyer states, “In most cases, they will likely wear (the uniform), once a week for an entire day at school and get a grade for proper attire.” He also said that students must wear uniforms for JROTC events outside of school.
Students can also participate in drill instruction and physical fitness training.
Boyer states that although each unit is different, the physical fitness of each unit will be the same. “We’re going out to do some general exercises, calisthenics, and general exercises. He also includes marching drills that help students learn how to work together as a team.
JROTC teaches leadership and life skills
Students can learn leadership, self-confidence, and discipline in a JROTC course. These are essential skills for any career. The importance of personal skills is also stressed: financial management, health, nutrition, and financial management.
Smith advises that students interested in joining should speak with their school counselor.
Marine Corps JROTC claims that the program can motivate students to learn, foster disciplined learning environments, (and) instill essential skills such as time management, goal setting and teamwork.
Students can also take on projects and manage programs at school or in their community.
Boyer states that community service encompasses many different activities. “There are leadership positions.”
Smith points out that the community service component can vary by unit. Some examples include cleaning up parks, working in shelters for the homeless, helping the elderly and volunteering at food banks.
JROTC rank system
Boyer says, “The expectation is you should be capable of helping instruct others who are a lower ranking, so you’re instructing them and helping them move up that rank structure.” Boyer also explains that Navy JROTC cadets begin with Ensign 1.
JROTC can prepare students for life after high school
A 2017study by The Rand Corp. (a non-profit think tank) showed positive results from JROTC participation.
The report states that studies on academic outcomes have consistently shown positive associations between Grade Point Average (GPA), and JROTC membership. Participation in JROTC was associated with lower dropout rates, better attendance, and a higher rate of JROTC graduation.
Smith points out that JROTC programs often take place in schools with high-risk youth or low-income students. Smith notes that program participation is very diverse, regardless of race, gender, or ethnicity.
Rand stated that JROTC offers students a sense community and other benefits. You can also apply for JROTC scholarships or attend service academies.
JROTC awards
Awards and decorations[edit]
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Army Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps[edit]
![]() Army JROTC Medal For Heroism Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Superior Cadet Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Distinguished Cadet Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC Academic Excellence Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Academic Achievement Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Perfect Attendance Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC Student Government Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Leadership Education Training Service Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC N 1 7 Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC N 1 8 Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC N 1 9 Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC N 1 10 Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC Dai Sai Instructor Leadership Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Personal Appearance Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Proficiency Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC Drill Team Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Orienteering Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Color Guard Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC Rifle Team Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Adventure Training Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Commendation Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC Good Conduct Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC JCLC Participation Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC N 3 12 Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC N 3 13 Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC N 3 14 Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC N 3 15 Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC Varsity Athletics Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Physical Fitness Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Athletics Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC N 2 4 Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC N 2 5 Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Parade Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC Recruiting Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC N 4 3 Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC N 4 4 Ribbon |
![]() Army JROTC N 4 5 Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Service Learning Ribbon | ![]() Army JROTC Excellent Staff Performance Ribbon |
![]() | Bronze Oil Lamp | Signifies second award of a ribbon. |
---|---|---|
![]() | Silver Oil Lamp | Signifies third award of a ribbon. |
![]() | Gold Oil Lamp | Signifies fourth award of a ribbon. |
Marine Corps Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps[edit]
![]() Legion of Valor Bronze Cross for Achievement | ||
![]() Marine Corps Reserve Association (MCRA) Outstanding Unit Award | ![]() American Legion Award for Scholastic Excellence | ![]() American Legion Bronze Medal for Military Excellence |
![]() Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) JROTC Bronze Medal | ![]() Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) JROTC Bronze Medal | ![]() Military Order of the World Wars (MOWW) JROTC Medal |
![]() Military Officers Association of America JROTC Medal | ![]() Veterans of Foreign Wars JROTC Bronze Medal | ![]() Daedalian JROTC Achievement Award |
![]() Women Marines Association (WMA) Award for Outstanding Cadet | ![]() Noncommissioned Officers Association (NCOA) | ![]() Military Order of the Purple Heart JROTC Medal |
![]() Navy League Youth Medal | ![]() Reserve Officers Association JROTC Medal | ![]() Naval Reserve Association JROTC Medal |
![]() American Veterans (AMVETS) JROTC Medal | ![]() National Sojourners Award | ![]() Scottish Rite JROTC Medal |
![]() Outstanding Cadet Award | ![]() Student Leadership Award | ![]() Officer Leadership Award |
![]() Noncommissioned Officer Leadership Award | ![]() Civic Service Award | ![]() Best Drill Cadet Award |
![]() Distinguished Scholastic Achievement Award | ![]() Arts and Academics Award | ![]() Distinguished Military Training Award |
![]() Physical Achievement Award | ![]() Superior Marksman Award | ![]() Athletic Participation Award |
![]() Longevity / Fidelity Award | ![]() Distinguished Conduct Award | ![]() Best Drill Squad Award |
![]() Color Guard Award | ![]() Drill Team Award | ![]() Band/Drum and Bugle Corps Award |
— Rifle Team Award | — Orienteering Team Award | — Recruiting Award |
Navy Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps[edit]
![]() ![]() ![]() Service designation stars (three maximum) | ||
![]() Meritorious Achievement Ribbon[58] | ![]() Distinguished Unit Ribbon | |
![]() Distinguished Cadet Ribbon | ![]() Honor Cadet Ribbon | ![]() Cadet Achievement Ribbon |
![]() Unit Achievement Ribbon | ![]() Aptitude Ribbon | ![]() NS IV Outstanding Cadet Ribbon |
![]() NS III Outstanding Cadet Ribbon | ![]() NS II Outstanding Cadet Ribbon | ![]() NS I Outstanding Cadet Ribbon |
![]() Exemplary Conduct Ribbon | ![]() Exemplary Personal Appearance Ribbon | ![]() Physical Fitness Ribbon |
![]() Participation Ribbon | ![]() Unit Service Ribbon | ![]() Community Service Ribbon |
![]() Academic Award Ribbon | ![]() Drill Team Ribbon | ![]() Color Guard Ribbon |
![]() Rifle Team Ribbon | ![]() Orienteering Ribbon | ![]() Inter service competition Ribbon |
![]() Recruiting Ribbon | ![]() Basic Leadership Training Ribbon | ![]() Sea Cruise Ribbon[59] |
Air Force Junior Reserve Officers Training Corps[edit]
![]() Air Force JROTC Gold Valor Award | ![]() Air Force JROTC Silver Valor Award | ![]() Cadet Humanitarian Award |
![]() Silver Star Community Service with Excellence Award | ![]() Community Service with Excellence Award | ![]() Air Force Association Award |
![]() Daedalian Award | ![]() American Legion Scholastic Award | ![]() American Legion General Military Excellence Award |
![]() American Veterans Award | ![]() Military Order of World Wars Medal | |
![]() Military Officers Association Award | ![]() Veterans of Foreign Wars Award | ![]() Military Order of the Purple Heart |
![]() Air Force Sergeants Association | ![]() Tuskegee Airmen Inc. AFJROTC Cadet Award | ![]() The Retired Enlisted Association Award |
![]() Celebrate Freedom Foundation Award | ![]() Air Commando Association Award | ![]() Distinguished Unit Award with Merit |
![]() Distinguished Unit Award | ![]() Outstanding Organization Award | ![]() Outstanding Flight Award |
![]() Top Performer Award | ![]() Outstanding Cadet Award | ![]() Leadership Ribbon |
![]() Achievement Ribbon | ![]() Superior Performance Ribbon | ![]() Academic Ribbon |
![]() Leadership School Ribbon | ![]() Special Teams Competition | |
![]() Orienteering Ribbon | ![]() Co-Curricular Activities Leadership Ribbon | |
![]() Drill Team Ribbon | ![]() Color Guard Ribbon | ![]() Sabre Team Ribbon |
![]() Marksmanship Ribbon | ![]() Good Conduct Ribbon | ![]() Service Ribbon |
![]() Health and Wellness Ribbon | ![]() Recruiting Ribbon | ![]() Activities Ribbon |
![]() Attendance Ribbon | ![]() Dress and Appearance Ribbon | ![]() Longevity Ribbon |
![]() Bataan Death March Memorial Hike Ribbon | ![]() Patriotic Flag Ribbon | |
Sources:[60] |